It uses two different materials found at the site, ancient tree pollen and quartz grains.

它用到了在该地点发现的两种不同的材料——古树花粉和石英颗粒。

[William] It's those smooth quartz grains that work so well in concrete.

- [William] 那些光滑的石英颗粒在混凝土中效果很好。

[Frank] Both of them have a very high concentration of, of rounded quartz grains.

- [弗兰克] 它们都含有非常高浓度的圆形石英颗粒。

So as the weak, flash-in-the-pan minerals wear away, the unfaltering quartz grains are left to pop out of the rock as sand!

所以，当那些弱小的、昙花一现的矿物质被磨灭后，剩下的不坚定的石英颗粒就会从岩石中蹦出来，成为沙子！

Shocked quartz grains were discovered, which could only be formed by extraterrestrial strikes or nuclear weapons.

发现了受冲击的石英颗粒，这些颗粒只能通过外星撞击或核武器形成。

And as you'll know, if you've ever bitten through the crust — of a sandwich — that had sand in it — quartz grains are small and really tough.

并且你会知道，如果你曾经咬过三明治的外壳，里面有沙子的话，你就会知道石英颗粒很小，而且非常坚硬。

Basically, scientists can shine a light on quartz grains in rocks to release radioactive energy they've picked up from the environment over centuries, and measuring that energy can tell how old the rock artifacts are.

基本上，科学家们可以用光照在岩石中的石英颗粒上， 以释放它们几个世纪以来从环境中获取的放射性能量， 测量这种能量可以判断出岩石文物的年龄。