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单词 Post translational modification
释义

Post translational modification

中文百科

翻译后修饰 Post-translational modification

(重定向自Post translational modification)

翻译后修饰(英语:Post-translational modification,缩写PTM;又称后转译修饰)是指蛋白质在翻译后的化学修饰。对于大部份的蛋白质来说,这是蛋白质生物合成的较后步骤。

蛋白质,或是多肽,是多条或一条胺基酸的链。当合成蛋白质时,20种不同的胺基酸会合并成为蛋白质。胺基酸的翻译后修饰会附在蛋白质其他的生物化学官能团(如醋酸盐、磷酸盐、不同的脂类及碳水化合物)、改变胺基酸的化学性质,或是造成结构的改变(如创建双硫键),来扩阔蛋白质的功能。

再者,酶可以从蛋白质的N末端移除胺基酸,或从中间将肽链剪开。举例来说,胰岛素是肽的激素,它会在创建双硫键后被剪开两次,并在链的中间移走多肽前体,而形成的蛋白质包含了两条以双硫键连接的多肽链。

英语百科

Post-translational modification 翻译后修饰

(重定向自Post translational modification)
Post-translational modification of insulin. At the top, the ribosome translates a mRNA sequence into a protein, insulin, and passes the protein through the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is cut, folded and held in shape by disulfide (-S-S-) bonds. Then the protein passes through the golgi apparatus, where it is packaged into a vesicle. In the vesicle, more parts are cut off, and it turns into mature insulin.
The genetic code diagram[8] showing the amino acid residues as target of modification.

Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins during or after protein biosynthesis. Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes translating mRNA into polypeptide chains, which may then undergo PTM to form the mature protein product. PTMs are important components in cell signaling.

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更新时间:2025/6/21 4:21:04