It's kind of stupid, because these words were  already pluralised forms before the N was added.

这有点愚蠢，因为这些词在添加 N 之前就已经是复数形式了。

For native speakers of English, the swapping  of an F for a V when pluralising certain words is second nature.

对于英语母语人士来说，在对某些单词进行复数表示时将 F 替换为 V 是自然而然的事情。

There are also  those ending with ON that pluralise with an A, such as criterion and phenomenon, all from  Ancient Greek.

还有一些以 ON 结尾的复数形式带有 A，例如 criterion 和 phenomenon， 都来自古希腊语。

Another set of Latin nouns we pluralise weirdly  are those ending with US, which we pluralise by slamming an I on the end.

另一组我们以奇怪方式复数化的拉丁名词是那些以 US 结尾的名词，我们通过在它们的末尾加上一个 I 来将其复数化。

Old English changed the way it pluralised nouns depending on their  grammatical gender - and for Neuter that involved not changing the word at all.

古英语根据名词的语法性别改变了名词的复数方式——对于中性语来说，这根本不涉及改变这个词。

These include words that end with  UM, which we pluralise with an A… Such as STADIUM, which becomes STADIA Or REFERENDUM, which becomes REFERENDA.

这些包括以 UM 结尾的单词，我们用 A 将其变为复数...例如 STADIUM 变为 STADIA 或者 REFERENDUM 变为 REFERENDA。

These came  around in the Middle English period, when there was a rekindled fashion for sticking  nasal Ns on the end of things to pluralise them.

它们出现于中世纪英语时期，当时重新流行在事物末尾添加鼻音 N 来使其复数化。

But some words were pluralised by adding an N We each only have one TUNGE - tongue - but between the lot of us we have many TUNGAN.

但有些词通过添加 N 而变为复数 我们每个人都只有一个 TUNGE（舌头），但我们很多人却有很多 TUNGAN。

Other Old English nouns were pluralised in  a completely different way altogether… Not by adding a letter, but by changing the  vowel sound in the middle of the word.

其他古英语名词的复数形式则完全不同...... 不是通过添加字母，而是通过改变单词中间的元音。

First up… OLD FASHIONED ONES An explanation for a lot of the unusual  plurals in English is that they are left over from a time long past when English DID  have more than one way of pluralising nouns.

首先......老式的复数形式 对英语中许多不常见复数形式的解释是，它们是从很久以前遗留下来的，当时英语确实有多种名词复数形式。