Studies have shown that any sound above 85 dB can have a permanent damaging effect.

研究表明，任何超过85分贝的声音都可能造成永久性的听力损害。

The question is how much of it can be undone and what permanent effect will be left after January 20.

问题是，在1月20日之后，这其中有多少是可以撤销的，会产生何种永久性影响。

But other molds, like Rhizopus stolonifer, can have permanent effects, and you might recognize this mold since it commonly grows on bread.

但像匍枝根霉这样的霉菌会带来永久性的影响。你可能认得出它来因为它经常长在面包上。

These fishes, however, are soon able to hold themselves in a vertical position, and no permanent effect is thus produced.

然而，这些鱼很快就能将自己保持在垂直位置， 因此不会产生永久性影响。

It's true, not for me but--the moral of a lot of this work is we think these things will have big permanent and profound effects but they need not and they often don't.

这是真的，对我来说不是这样，但这项工作的寓意是，我们认为这些事情将产生巨大的永久和深远的影响，但它们不需要，而且通常也不需要。