One issue, in particular, inspired much of Aristophanes’ work: the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta.

一个问题尤其激发了阿里斯托芬的大部分工作：雅典和斯巴达之间的伯罗奔尼撒战争。

On Justice, Power, and Human Nature: Selections from the History of the Peloponnesian War.

论正义、权力和人性：伯罗奔尼撒战争史选集。

The Plague of Athens This plague swept through the city of Athens around 430 BCE during the Peloponnesian War.

1.雅典瘟疫这场瘟疫在伯罗奔尼撒战争期间席卷了公元前430年左右的雅典城。

The Peloponnesian War is being fought between the city-states of Athens and Sparta, as well as their allies.

伯罗奔尼撒战争正在雅典和斯巴达这两个城邦及其盟友之间进行。

12. Thucydides, On Justice, Power, and Human Nature: Selections from The History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Paul Woodruff (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing, 1993), 42.

12. 修昔底德，论正义、权力和人性：伯罗奔尼撒战争史选集，译。 Paul Woodruff（印第安纳州印第安纳波利斯：Hackett Publishing，1993 年），42。

The citizens of all the different states of ancient Greece seem to have served in this manner till after the second Persian war; and the people of Peloponnesus till after the Peloponnesian war.

直到第二次波斯战争之后，古希腊所有不同国家的公民似乎都以这种方式服役；和伯罗奔尼撒人民直到伯罗奔尼撒战争之后。

Eventually, the disease reached the Mediterranean region and the city of Athens, where from 430 to 426 B. C.E., during the Peloponnesian War, roughly one-quarter of the city's population died from sickness while under siege by Sparta.

最终，这种疾病传播到地中海地区和雅典城。在公元前 430 年至 426 年的伯罗奔尼撒战争期间，该市大约四分之一的人口在被斯巴达人围困期间死于疾病。

So in one of the most famous passages of Thucydides’ history of the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians sailed to the island of Melos, a Spartan colony, and demanded that the Melians submit to Athenian rule.

于是在修昔底德笔下伯罗奔尼撒战争史上最著名的一段话中，雅典人航行到斯巴达殖民地梅洛斯岛，要求梅利斯人服从雅典人的统治。

But the play’s depiction of Athens’ conduct during the Peloponnesian War was so controversial that afterwards, a politician named Kleon took Aristophanes to court for " slandering the people of Athens in the presence of foreigners."

但该剧对伯罗奔尼撒战争期间雅典行为的描写引起了极大的争议，以至于后来一位名叫克莱恩的政治家将阿里斯托芬告上法庭，罪名是“当着外国人的面诽谤雅典人民”。

So, yes, Socrates gave us his interrogative Method; Sophocles gave us Oedipus; but the legacy of Ancient Greece is profoundly ambiguous, all the moreso because the final winner of the Peloponnesian War were the dictatorial Spartans.

所以，是的，苏格拉底给了我们他的疑问方法；索福克勒斯给了我们俄狄浦斯； 但古希腊的遗产非常模糊，更何况伯罗奔尼撒战争的最终胜利者是独裁的斯巴达人。