However, this 1.9 percent error rate in patrilineal connections is not unique to our data.

然而这1.9%的父子关系错误率不是我们数据独有的。

So, in Britain, patrilineal surnames go down through the male line, down through the generations.

所以，在英国，父系姓氏是由男性代代相传的。

Along the patrilineal line, there is no upper limit, so the right goes back to 1861 and the creation of Italy.

沿着父系的关系，没有上限，这一权利可追溯到1861年以及意大利建国。

Most societies, however, are patrilineal, meaning that they trace kinship through the father.

然而，大多数社会都是父系社会，这意味着他们通过父亲来追溯亲属关系。

(Laughter) However, this 1.9 percent error rate in patrilineal connections is not unique to our data.

（笑声） 然而，父系关系中 1. 9% 的错误率并不是我们数据独有的。

While patrilineal traditions, like passing on the father’s last name to children, persist, most families in industrial societies trace descent through both men and women.

虽然父系传统（如将父亲的姓氏传给孩子）仍然存在，但工业社会中的大多数家庭都通过男性和女性来追溯血统。

Some of these inequalities might be obvious, based on what we’ve talked about already – like patrilineal lines of descent that make it impossible for women to hold wealth or gain power.

根据我们已经讨论过的内容，这些不平等中的一些可能是显而易见的——比如父系血统使得女性不可能拥有财富或获得权力。