Over time, many ovarian follicles degenerate, and the ones that remain become less and less sensitive to gonadotropin stimulation.

随着时间的推移，许多卵巢卵泡退化，而余下的卵泡对促性腺激素的刺激变得越来越不敏感。

No ovarian follicles also means no estrogen and progesterone, which leads to high levels of FSH and LH.

没有卵巢滤泡意味着没有雌激素和孕激素，这导致FSH和LH水平处于高位。

First, there are functional cysts, which result when the normal, cyclic development of the ovarian follicles is disrupted.

第一类是功能性囊肿，由正常、周期性的卵泡发育过程被打乱而导致。

During the luteal phase, the remnant of the ovarian follicle, called the corpus luteum, makes progesterone, which negatively inhibits pituitary LH.

在黄体期，残余的卵巢滤泡，称为黄体，分泌孕激素，通过负反馈作用抑制垂体分泌LH。

Once puberty hits, the hypothalamus starts to secrete GnRH in pulses, sometimes more and sometimes less, and pituitary FSH and LH make the ovarian follicles develop.

一旦到了青春期，下丘脑就会开始脉冲式地分泌促性腺激素释放激素，有时量多，有时量少。而垂体分泌的FSH和LH就会使卵巢滤泡成熟。

With polycystic ovary syndrome, the ovarian follicles secrete too much testosterone, causing hirsutism, or excessive hair growth on the chin and upper lip, chest, and back.

多囊卵巢综合征患者体内的卵巢滤泡分泌过多睾酮，导致多毛，即下巴、上唇、胸部和背部的体毛过度生长。

But the ovaries develop normally in these individuals, and the ovarian follicles make normal amounts of estrogen and progesterone, so there are normal levels of FSH and LH.

但这些患者的卵巢发育正常，其卵巢滤泡分泌正常水平的雌激素和孕激素，所以体内FSH和LH水平也是正常的。

This happens because the missing X chromosome leads to accelerated ovarian follicle depletion, so that by two years old, none are left, essentially causing " menopause before menarche" .

这是因为X染色体的丢失导致卵巢滤泡消耗加速，从而造成卵巢功能在2岁前便所剩无几，最终导致“初潮前绝经”。

Now, sometimes secondary amenorrhea can occur because of premature ovarian failure - which is when the ovarian follicles undergo accelerated atresia and get depleted before the age of 40, resulting in early menopause.

有时，继发性闭经的原因是卵巢早衰，即当卵巢滤泡加速闭锁，在40岁前消耗殆尽，造成提前绝经。