詹姆斯·弗朗西斯·爱德华·斯图亚特（英语：James Francis Edward Stuart），威尔士亲王，又称老僭王（1688年6月10日－1766年1月1日），为很快被废的英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰国王詹姆斯二世（在苏格兰称詹姆斯七世）之子。因此在父王于1701年去世后，他要求英格兰、苏格兰、爱尔兰王位，称英格兰和爱尔兰国王詹姆斯三世、苏格兰国王詹姆斯八世，并得到表叔法国国王路易十四的认可。他于1766年过世后，其子查理·爱德华·斯图亚特成为詹姆斯党继承人。若其父不曾被废，则詹姆斯有生之年，大不列颠只有他的父亲和他两位都是天主教徒的国王；但事实上英国却经历了最后三位斯图亚特国王和最先三位汉诺威国王共六位国王的统治。尽管詹姆斯的异母姐姐安妮女王死后，信新教的斯图亚特家族统治结束，斯图亚特家族仅剩詹姆斯父子，詹姆斯父子在坚持天主教信仰的基础上复夺王位的努力使得英格兰国内政局不安。他们的尝试被史学界称作詹姆斯党。

James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766), nicknamed the Old Pretender, was the son of the deposed James II of England and Ireland, VII of Scotland. As such, he claimed the English, Scottish and Irish thrones (as James III of England and Ireland and James VIII of Scotland) from the death of his father in 1701, when he was recognised as king of England, Scotland and Ireland by his cousin Louis XIV of France. Following his death in 1766, he was succeeded by his son Charles Edward Stuart in the Jacobite Succession. Had his father not been deposed, Great Britain might have had only two monarchs during his lifetime, his father and himself, who were both Roman Catholic. Instead there were seven: his father, William III, Mary II, Anne, George I, George II and George III. Although the ruling Protestant Stuarts died out with his half-sister, Queen Anne, the last remaining Stuarts were James and his sons, and their endeavours to reclaim the throne while remaining devoted to their Catholic faith made the political situation in England precarious. Their attempts are remembered in history as Jacobitism.