约翰·文森特·阿塔纳索夫（英语：John Vincent Atanasoff，1903年10月4日－1995年6月15日）是美国物理学家、发明家。

1973年霍尼韦尔对斯佩里·兰特专利诉讼决定，将阿塔纳索夫认定为第一台自动电子数字计算机的发明者。这台专用计算机的名字叫做阿塔纳索夫-贝瑞计算机。

阿塔纳索夫是保加利亚移民的后裔。二十世纪三十年代后期和四十年代前期，他在艾奥瓦州立大学研究数字电子计算机，这项工作在二十世纪七八十年代才为公众所知。在此之前，阿塔纳索夫只拥有教授、政府的展示研究指导者，以及企业研究负责人的身份。

John Vincent Atanasoff (October 4, 1903 – June 15, 1995) was an American physicist and inventor, best known for inventing the first electronic digital computer.

Atanasoff invented the first electronic digital computer in the 1930s at Iowa State College. Challenges to his claim were resolved in 1973 when the Honeywell v. Sperry Rand lawsuit ruled that Atanasoff was the inventor of the computer. His special-purpose machine has come to be called the Atanasoff–Berry Computer.