绿洲（英语：oasis）是一个地理名词，是指被沙漠地形包围的环境里、一块有植被覆盖的孤立肥沃地区。通常会造成绿洲的原因都是因为此地点有终年不断的水源供应，常见的水源来源是地下水泉涌或人工凿井来灌溉，水在远方的降雨区降到地面后潜入地底，通过透水的地下砂岩层穿过沙漠地带，在绿洲处返回地表附近而能被使用到。

绿洲对于沙漠地区的生活是非常重要的，不只是大部分的沙漠居民都是围绕在绿洲地带生活，往来的商旅与贸易网往往也都是沿着绿洲发展起来，因为绿洲是重要的食物与水之补给站。盘据非洲大陆北部中央的撒哈拉沙漠里面，有百分之六十以上的人口都是居住在零星分布于沙漠中的绿洲地带。中国乌鞘岭以西、北山和祁连山之间的河西走廊，有大量绿洲，“一城山光，半城塔影，苇溪连片，古刹处处”，就是在描写有称“金张掖”或“甘洲”之称的张掖，汉朝即有额济纳绿洲，河西走廊的绿洲唯一水源是来自祁连山春融的雪水。

In geography, an oasis (plural: oases) or cienega (Southwestern United States) is an isolated area of vegetation in a desert, typically surrounding a spring or similar water source, such as a pond or small lake. Oases also provide habitat for animals and even humans if the area is big enough. The location of oases has been of critical importance for trade and transportation routes in desert areas; caravans must travel via oases so that supplies of water and food can be replenished. Thus, political or military control of an oasis has in many cases meant control of trade on a particular route. For example, the oases of Awjila, Ghadames, and Kufra, situated in modern-day Libya, have at various times been vital to both North-South and East-West trade in the Sahara Desert.