核动力飞机（nuclear aircraft）是一种由核动力驱动的飞行器。关于此种飞行器的研究肇始于冷战时期的苏联和美国，据推测这种飞机可以保证一个国家的战略轰炸机携带核武器在空中飞行非常长的时间，从而形成一种行之有效的核威慑战术。没有任何一个国家曾经量产过核动力飞机。一个从未被完全解决的设计问题是如何为乘员加装一套沉重的防辐射屏蔽层以免他们遭到核辐射。1960年代洲际弹道导弹技术得到发展后对此类飞行器的战术改进被大为削减，有关的计划纷纷取消。由于这项技术与生俱来的巨大危险性，它从未被考虑用于民用。

A nuclear-powered aircraft is an aircraft that is powered by nuclear energy. During the Cold War, the United States and Soviet Union researched nuclear-powered bomber aircraft, the greater endurance of which could enhance nuclear deterrence, but neither country created any such operational aircraft. One inadequately solved design problem was the need for heavy shielding to protect the crew from acute radiation syndrome. The advent of ICBMs in the 1960s greatly diminished the tactical advantage of such aircraft, and respective projects were cancelled; the inherent danger of the technology has prevented its civilian use.