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单词 Nuclear Model
释义

Nuclear Model

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原子核 Atomic nucleus

（重定向自Nuclear Model）
图为氦原子的原子及其原子核构想图，在原子核当中（小图），红色代表质子，蓝色代表中子。现实里原子核亦为球形对称。
Densidad de carga eléctrica en el núcleo atómico.
Diagrama de Segrè, en rojo los núcleos estables, en otros colores los núcleos inestables coloreados según el período de desintegración. Obsérvese que un ligero exceso de neutrones favorece la estabilidad en átomos pesados.
Estructura interna del átomo.

原子核（德语：Atomkern，英语：Atomic nucleus）是原子的组成部分，位于原子的中央，占有原子的大部分质量。组成原子核的有中子和质子。当周围有和其中质子等量的电子围绕时，构成的是原子。原子核极其渺小，如果将原子比作一座大厦，那么原子核只有大厦里的一张桌子那么大。

英语百科

Atomic nucleus 原子核

（重定向自Nuclear Model）
A model of the atomic nucleus showing it as a compact bundle of the two types of nucleons: protons (red) and neutrons (blue). In this diagram, protons and neutrons look like little balls stuck together, but an actual nucleus (as understood by modern nuclear physics) cannot be explained like this, but only by using quantum mechanics. In a nucleus which occupies a certain energy level (for example, the ground state), each nucleon can be said to occupy a range of locations.
A figurative depiction of the helium-4 atom with the electron cloud in shades of gray. In the nucleus, the two protons and two neutrons are depicted in red and blue. This depiction shows the particles as separate, whereas in an actual helium atom, the protons are superimposed in space and most likely found at the very center of the nucleus, and the same is true of the two neutrons. Thus, all four particles are most likely found in exactly the same space, at the central point. Classical images of separate particles fail to model known charge distributions in very small nuclei. A more accurate image is that the spatial distribution of nucleons in a helium nucleus is much closer to the helium electron cloud shown here, although on a far smaller scale, than to the fanciful nucleus image.

The nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom. The atomic nucleus was discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment. After the discovery of the neutron in 1932, models for a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Dmitri Ivanenko and Werner Heisenberg. Almost all of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus, with a very small contribution from the electron cloud. Protons and neutrons are bound together to form a nucleus by the nuclear force.
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更新时间：2025/6/23 11:04:15