选型交配（英文：Assortative mating）是交配行为模式的一种，即为选择和自己相近的配偶行进行繁殖，近亲交配是其中一种特殊情况。选型交配可以根据体型大小、颜色、年龄等。产生选型交配的机制包括性印痕学习（sexual imprinting）、栖地选择、遗传的择偶偏好等等。选型交配可能造成性择。选型交配和其演化是物种形成的重要机制之一。

Assortative mating is a mating pattern and a form of sexual selection in which individuals with similar genotypes and/or phenotypes mate with one another more frequently than would be expected under a random mating pattern. Examples of similar phenotypes include, but are not limited to, body size, skin coloration/pigmentation, and age. Assortative mating, also referred to as positive assortative mating or homogamy, may increase genetic relatedness within the family. Assortative mating can be contrasted with disassortative mating (also known as negative assortative mating or heterogamy) in which individuals with dissimilar genotypes and/or phenotypes mate with one another more frequently than would be expected under random mating. Disassortative mating reduces the genetic similarities within the family. Positive assortative mating occurs more frequently than negative assortative mating. In both cases, due to the nonrandom mating pattern, there is a deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg principle.