硝酸甘油（Nitroglycerin）(C₃H₅N₃O₉)，又称硝酸甘油酯、三硝酸甘油酯、三硝酸丙三酯，是甘油的三硝酸酯，是一种爆炸能力极强的炸药。1847年由都灵大学的化学家索布雷洛发明。常有人误解「硝酸甘油」是瑞典化学家阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔发明的，事实上诺贝尔发明的是在1866年利用硝酸甘油发展高稳定性、防误爆的硅藻土炸药。

硝酸甘油爆炸反应：4C₃H₅N₃O₉ → 6N₂ + 12CO₂ + 10H₂O + O₂

Nitroglycerin (NG), also known as nitroglycerine, trinitroglycerin (TNG), trinitroglycerine, nitro, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, is a heavy, colorless, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester. Chemically, the substance is an organic nitrate compound rather than a nitro compound, yet the traditional name is often retained. Invented in 1847, nitroglycerin has been used as an active ingredient in the manufacture of explosives, mostly dynamite, and as such it is employed in the construction, demolition, and mining industries. Since the 1880s, it has been used by the military as an active ingredient, and a gelatinizer for nitrocellulose, in some solid propellants, such as cordite and ballistite.