尼拉贡戈火山（Nyiragongo）是刚果民主共和国境内的火山之一，地处东非大裂谷，毗邻乌干达和卢旺达，属维龙加火山群的一员，位于北基伍省省会戈马以北19公里，是非洲最危险的火山之一。其主火山口深250米，阔2公里，拥有世界上少见的熔岩湖。不同时期，熔岩湖的海拔差别很大。1977年1月喷发前的熔岩湖，其海拔达约3250米（10,700英尺）的最高记录，其深度也达约600米（2000英尺）。现在熔岩湖的海拔则非常低，约2700米（8800英尺）。尼拉贡戈火山和附近的尼亚穆拉吉拉火山爆发次数占非洲历史上火山喷发次数总量的40％。

Mount Nyiragongo is an active stratovolcano with an elevation of 3470 m (11382 ft) in the Virunga Mountains associated with the Albertine Rift. It is located inside Virunga National Park, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, about 20 km (12 mi) north of the town of Goma and Lake Kivu and just west of the border with Rwanda. The main crater is about two kilometres wide and usually contains a lava lake. The crater presently has two distinct cooled lava benches within the crater walls - one at about 3,175 metres (10,417 ft) and a lower one at about 2,975 m (9,760 ft). Nyiragongo's lava lake has at times been the most voluminous known lava lake in recent history. The depth of the lava lake varies considerably. A maximum elevation of the lava lake was recorded at about 3,250 m (10,660 ft) prior to the January 1977 eruption - a lake depth of about 600 m (2,000 ft). A recent very low elevation of the lava lake was recorded at about 2,700 m (8,900 ft). Nyiragongo and nearby Nyamuragira are together responsible for 40% of Africa's historical volcanic eruptions.