五氯化铌（化学式：NbCl₅）是制备其他铌化合物的常用原料。室温下它为白色结晶，加热到183°C时转变为黄色，熔融时变为橙红色。易水解为NbOCl₃，在潮湿空气中冒烟。

五氯化铌由金属铌与稀释的氯气在300-350°C下反应得到，通过升华纯化。没有碳存在时，五氧化二铌直接氯化生成NbOCl₃；有碳存在下反应，反应生成的是NbCl₅和NbOCl₃的混合物。比较纯的五氯化铌可通过铌的硫化物与氯气反应制备。

Niobium(V) chloride, also known as niobium pentachloride, is a yellow crystalline solid. It hydrolyzes in air, and samples are often contaminated with small amounts of NbOCl₃. It is often used as a precursor to other compounds of niobium. NbCl₅ may be purified by sublimation.