入侵检测系统（英语：Intrusion-detection system，缩写为 IDS）是一种网络安全设备或应用软件，可以对网络传输进行即时监视，在发现可疑传输时发出警报或者采取主动反应措施。它与其他网络安全设备的不同之处便在于，IDS是一种积极被动的安全防护技术。IDS最早出现在1980年4月。该年，James P. Anderson为美国空军做了一份题为《Computer Security Threat Monitoring and Surveillance》的技术报告，在其中他提出了IDS的概念。1980年代中期，IDS逐渐发展成为入侵检测专家系统（IDES）。1990年，IDS分化为基于网络的N-IDS和基于主机的H-IDS。后又出现分布式D-IDS。

An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or software application that monitors network or system activities for malicious activities or policy violations and produces electronic reports to a management station. IDS come in a variety of "flavors" and approach the goal of detecting suspicious traffic in different ways. There are network based (NIDS) and host based (HIDS) intrusion detection systems. NIDS is a network security system focusing on the attacks that come from the inside of the network (authorized users). Some systems may attempt to stop an intrusion attempt but this is neither required nor expected of a monitoring system. Intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) are primarily focused on identifying possible incidents, logging information about them, and reporting attempts. In addition, organizations use IDPSes for other purposes, such as identifying problems with security policies, documenting existing threats and deterring individuals from violating security policies. IDPSes have become a necessary addition to the security infrastructure of nearly every organization.