And the nephrons have to figure out what to do with them.

肾元要搞清楚 如何处理它们。

The kidney does this by the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the nephron.

肾脏依靠肾单位过滤、重吸收、分泌等过程行使调节功能。

Nephrons are mostly a series of tubes attached end-to-end that move fluids and wastes towards the bladder.

肾单位主要由大量肾小管组成，最终将水和代谢废物引入膀胱。

The nephrons in the kidneys are the structures that physically control how much water is excreted from your body.

肾脏中的肾单位是控制体内排出水分多少的组织结构。

In kidney failure, the nephron doesn't effectively reabsorb calcium, which allows it to get excreted into the urine.

当肾衰竭时，肾单位不能有效重吸收钙，这使得钙离子可以排入尿液。

The blood goes into the kidneys via the renal arteries, it is then forced into a million small filtering units called nephrons.

血液通过肾动脉进入肾脏，然后被迫进入一百万个小型过滤单元，称为肾小球。

Once millions of nephrons have each made urine, it flows into the minor calyces, then major calyces, and finally into the renal pelvis.

当数以百万计的肾单位各自都产生尿液，尿液便流入肾小盏，然后是肾大盏，最终进入肾盂。

The epithelium of the nephron is made of specialized cells called podocytes which wrap around the basement membrane like the tentacles of an octopus.

肾单位的内皮细胞由特殊的细胞组成，称为足细胞；足细胞足突像章鱼触手一样包裹着基底膜。

A narrow lumen means less blood and oxygen gets delivered to the kidney, resulting in ischemic injury to the nephron's glomerulus.

管腔狭窄意味着对肾的供血供氧减少，导致肾单位中肾小球的缺血性损伤。

And at this point the distal tubule and collecting ducts of the nephron can either reabsorb or secrete potassium depending on what the body needs.

这时，远曲小管和肾单位导管会根据需要重吸收或者分泌钾离子。