纳米技术（英语：Nanotechnology）是一门应用科学，其目的在于研究于奈米规模时，物质和设备的设计方法、组成、特性以及应用。奈米科技是许多如生物、物理、化学等科学领域在技术上的次级分类，美国国家奈米科技启动计划将其定义为「1至100奈米尺寸尤其是现存科技在奈米规模时的延伸」。奈米科技的世界为原子、分子、高分子、量子点和高分子集合，并且被表面效应所掌控，如范德瓦耳斯力、氢键、电荷、离子键、共价键、疏水性、亲水性和量子穿隧效应等，而惯性和湍流等巨观效应则小得可以被忽略掉。举个例子，当表面积对体积的比例剧烈地增大时，开起了如催化学等以表面为主的科学新的可能性。

Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology. A more generalized description of nanotechnology was subsequently established by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, which defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers. This definition reflects the fact that quantum mechanical effects are important at this quantum-realm scale, and so the definition shifted from a particular technological goal to a research category inclusive of all types of research and technologies that deal with the special properties of matter which occur below the given size threshold. It is therefore common to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as well as "nanoscale technologies" to refer to the broad range of research and applications whose common trait is size. Because of the variety of potential applications (including industrial and military), governments have invested billions of dollars in nanotechnology research. Until 2012, through its National Nanotechnology Initiative, the USA has invested 3.7 billion dollars, the European Union has invested 1.2 billion and Japan 750 million dollars.