亚实基伦（希伯来语：אַשְׁקְלוֹן‎；阿拉伯语：عسقلان‎；拉丁语: Ascalon），又译为阿什凯隆或阿什克隆。是以色列南部区内盖夫西部的一个城市，人口大约为 117,000。在现代亚实基伦的附近，有古代亚实基伦海港的遗迹，自从青铜时代起就相当繁荣，曾经先后被迦南人、非利士人、腓尼基、迦勒底王国、古波斯、马其顿帝国和塞琉古帝国、罗马人、穆斯林和十字军所统治。最终在1191年被埃及阿尤布王朝的萨拉丁摧毁。最迟在16世纪，形成了阿拉伯城镇al-Majdal。1950年代，现代城市创建于al-Majdal以外。

Ashkelon /æʃkɛloʊn/ also Ashqelon and Ascalon; (Hebrew: אַשְׁקְלוֹן [aʃkelon]  (audio) ; Arabic:عسقلان‎ ʿAsqalān; Latin:Ascalonia; Akkadian: Isqalluna; Ancient Greek: Ἀσκάλων, Askalon) is a coastal city in the Southern District of Israel on the Mediterranean coast, 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Tel Aviv, and 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) north of the border with the Gaza Strip. The ancient seaport of Ashkelon dates back to the Neolithic Age. In the course of its history, it has been ruled by the Ancient Egyptians, the Philistines, the Israelites, the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Greeks, the Phoenicians, the Hasmoneans, the Romans, the Persians, the Arabs and the Crusaders, until it was destroyed by the Mamluks in 1270.