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单词 Molecular anthropology
释义

Molecular anthropology

中文百科

分子人类学

分子人类学(英语:Molecular Anthropology)是人类学的分支,是在人类基因组等研究基础上发展形成的一门新兴交叉学科,利用分子水平的遗传信息来分析人类起源、当代和古代人类群体的演化以及古代社会文化结构等多方面多层次的问题。主要方法是比较DNA串行或蛋白质串行,但是早期方法亦包括血清学的比较研究。

通过考察在不同人群中的DNA串行,科学家可以判断的有关种群之间(或群体内部)的亲密关系。基因构成一定的相似性,能让分子人类学家确定不同的人群是否属于同一个单倍群(haplogroup),进而确定是否他们都有一个共同的地理发源地。这是意义重大的,因为它允许人类学家追踪迁移的和定居的模式,这提供了帮助洞察到现代人群是如何形成的并且将是如何继续向未来发展的。

英语百科

Molecular anthropology 分子人类学

Image of mitochondrion. There are many mitochondria within a cell, and DNA in them replicates independently of the chromosomes in the nucleus.
Illustration of the human mitochondrial DNA with the control region (CR, in grey) containing hypervariable sequences I and II.
A population bottleneck, as illustrated was detected by intrahuman mtDNA phylogenetic studies; the length of the bottleneck itself is indeterminate per mtDNA.
Schematic of typical animal cell, showing subcellular components. Organelles: (1) nucleolus (2) nucleus (9) mitochondria

Molecular anthropology is a field of anthropology in which molecular analysis is used to determine evolutionary links between ancient and modern human populations, as well as between contemporary species. Generally, comparisons are made between sequence, either DNA or protein sequence, however early studies used comparative serology.

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更新时间:2025/6/20 5:54:37