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单词 Mitochondrial inheritance
释义

Mitochondrial inheritance

中文百科

线粒体DNA Mitochondrial DNA

(重定向自Mitochondrial inheritance)
人类线粒体DNA的37个基因,和各自的H-和L-链。
电子显微镜揭示了离散病灶的线粒体DNA。比例尺:200nm。(A) Cytoplasmic section after immunogold labelling with anti-DNA; gold particles marking mtDNA are found near the mitochondrial membrane. (B) Whole mount view of cytoplasm after extraction with CSK buffer and immunogold labelling with anti-DNA; mtDNA (marked by gold particles) resists extraction. From Iborra et al., 2004.[1]

粒线体DNA英语:mitochondrial DNA,缩写作mtDNA)指一些位于粒线体内的DNA,与一般位于细胞核内的DNA有不同的演化起源,可能是源自早期细菌。虽然现存生物体中绝大多数作用于粒线体的蛋白质,是由细胞核DNA所制造,但这些基因中有一些可能是源于细菌,并于演化过程中转移到细胞核中。

现今人类体内的每个细胞中,大约有1000到10000个粒线体,而每一个粒线体内,则大约有2到10组mtDNA,每个mtDNA共包含16569个碱基对,其中有37个基因,可用来制造13种蛋白质、22种tRNA与两种rRNA。其中的内含子较细胞核基因少,且有些不含内含子,如tRNA基因。

英语百科

Mitochondrial DNA 线粒体DNA

(重定向自Mitochondrial inheritance)
Human mitochondrial DNA with the 37 genes on their respective H- and L-strands.
Electron microscopy reveals mitochondrial DNA in discrete foci. Bars: 200 nm. (A) Cytoplasmic section after immunogold labelling with anti-DNA; gold particles marking mtDNA are found near the mitochondrial membrane. (B) Whole mount view of cytoplasm after extraction with CSK buffer and immunogold labelling with anti-DNA; mtDNA (marked by gold particles) resists extraction. From Iborra et al., 2004.[1]
Human mitochondrial DNA with groups of protein-, rRNA- and tRNA-encoding genes.
The involvement of mitochondrial DNA in several human diseases.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and, in plants and algae, also in the plastids, like chloroplasts.

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更新时间:2025/6/18 17:46:05