庄园指大农场，唐宋时的中国、古代日本及中古欧洲的大农场都称作庄园。在中世纪的西欧，庄园（manor）发展成自给自足的农村经济共同体。

唐宋时期，面积不太小、互相毗连的一片私有土地，有时称庄园。为了强调土地私有，庄园会冠以主人之姓，如李家庄张家庄之类，或起个别致名字，带有自我炫耀的意味。

唐末及北宋「庄园」十分盛行，大半是地主自己经营的农场。庄园经营方式不一，有奴僮、有雇农、有佃农。到宋代，使用奴隶的农场愈来愈少，使用雇工耕种渐渐增加。从北宋末年开始，以雇工经营的大农场也愈来愈少，地主逐渐将土地出租给佃农。

Manorialism, an essential element of feudal society, was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the villa system of the Late Roman Empire, was widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe, and was slowly replaced by the advent of a money-based market economy and new forms of agrarian contract.