大虎头蜂（Vespa mandarinia）是分布亚洲地区的黄蜂，亦是全世界体型最大的胡蜂，分布于亚洲东部与东南部的温带和亚热带地区。

大虎头蜂是亚洲地区最危险的昆虫之一，有相当多伤人的案例。大虎头蜂在各地有许多不同的俗名，中华大虎头蜂、**大虎头蜂、金环胡蜂、日本大黄蜂、Asian giant hornet 均是指本种。各地的本种体色变化很大，有些体色暗棕色，有些体色有明显的黄色纹路，共同特征为尾部尖端为黄色。

The Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), including the subspecies Japanese giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia japonica), colloquially known as the yak-killer hornet, is the world's largest hornet, native to temperate and tropical Eastern Asia. They prefer to live in low mountains and forests while almost completely avoiding plains and high altitude climates. V. mandarinia creates nests by digging, co-opting pre-existing tunnels dug by rodents, or occupying spaces near rotted pine roots. It feeds primarily on larger insects and honey from honey bee colonies. Some dimensions of this hornet are a body length of 45 mm (2 in), a wingspan of about 75 mm (3 in), and stinger of 6 mm (0.24 in) which injects a large amount of potent venom.