黎凡特（英语：Levant，英语发音：/ləˈvænt/）是历史上一个模糊的地理名称，相当于现代所说的东地中海区（Eastern Mediterranean），它指的是中东托鲁斯山脉以南、地中海东岸、阿拉伯沙漠以北和上美索不达米亚以西的一大片地区。它不包括托鲁斯山脉、阿拉伯半岛和安那托利亚。不过有时奇里乞亚被包括在黎凡特内。西奈半岛有时被包括在黎凡特内，不过一般被看作是黎凡特与埃及北部之间的一个边缘地区。有些时间里黎凡特的文化和居民曾经在西奈半岛和尼罗河占支配地位，但是这些地方一般不被纳入黎凡特。

The Levant (/ləˈvænt/; Arabic: المشرق /ʔal-maʃriq/) is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the eastern Mediterranean. In its widest historical sense, the Levant included all of the eastern Mediterranean with its islands, that is, it included all of the countries along the eastern Mediterranean shores, extending from Greece to Cyrenaica. The term Levant entered English in the late 15th century from French. It derives from the Italian Levante, meaning "rising", implying the rising of the sun in the east. As such, it is broadly equivalent to the Arabic term Mashriq, 'the land where the sun rises'. The western counterpart in Arabic is the Maghreb, and Ponente in Italian, meaning 'west, where the sun sets'.