History classes often make note of slavery, the rise of Jim Crow laws and the civil rights movement.

历史课上经常会提到奴隶制、吉姆·克劳法的兴起和民权运动。

Jim Crow laws in place for several decades until the 1960s discriminated against Black Americans in effectively all areas of life.

吉姆·克劳法实施了几十年，直到20世纪60年代，其在生活的所有领域都歧视美国黑人。

It was a moment that had already played out thousands of times in Montgomery, a Southern city languishing under racist Jim Crow laws.

这一时刻已经在蒙哥马利上演了数千次，蒙哥马利是一个在种族歧视的吉姆·克劳法（美国南部各州以及边境各州对有色人种实行种族隔离制度的法律）下饱受煎熬的南方城市。

In the late 19th century, racist laws enforcing segregation in the southern United States became known as Jim Crow laws after Daddy Rice's character.

19世纪末 美国南方因执行种族隔离而创立的“种族主义法”便以“赖斯老爹”的角色命名为“吉姆·克劳法”且广为人知。

These rules were called Jim Crow laws.

这些规则被称为吉姆克劳法。

He made them afraid to speak out against Jim Crow laws.

他让他们不敢公开反对吉姆·克劳法。

At last, the Jim Crow laws in Birmingham were gone.

伯明翰的吉姆克劳法终于废除了。

The Ku Klux Klan frequently drove past their home, and Jim Crow laws segregated public spaces.

Ku Klux Klan 经常开车经过他们的家，吉姆克劳法隔离了公共场所。

The Jim Crow laws of the American South were another example, as was slavery before that.

美国南部的吉姆克劳法是另一个例子，之前的奴隶制也是如此。

However, these grand myths didn't match the messy reality of the American South, divided by racist Jim Crow laws and plagued by the legacies of slavery and colonial violence.

然而，这些伟大的神话与美国南方混乱的现实并不相符，南方因种族主义的吉姆·克劳法律而分裂，并受到奴隶制度和殖民暴力遗留问题的困扰。

Slavery, and later the Jim Crow laws – laws in the South that enforced racial segregation – were framed as natural consequences of the supposed, natural inferiority of Blacks to Whites.

奴隶制，以及后来的吉姆克劳法——南方强制种族隔离的法律——被认为是黑人比白人天生劣势的自然结果。

Despite technically having been a free state, California is the first state in the U.S. to consider compensating eligible Black residents for historical harms ranging from slavery to Jim Crow laws to redlining.

尽管从技术上讲，加利福尼亚州是一个自由州，但它是美国第一个考虑对符合条件的黑人居民进行历史伤害赔偿的州，这些伤害包括奴隶制、吉姆·克劳法和红线。

A strong advocate of education and of challenging Jim Crow laws, he clashed with another leading black intellectual of the time, Booker T. Washington, who advocated compromise with the predominantly white political system.

作为教育和挑战吉姆·克劳法的坚定倡导者，他与当时另一位领先的黑人知识分子布克·T·华盛顿发生冲突， 布克·T·华盛顿主张与以白人为主的政治制度妥协。