动物权利，或称动物解放，是人发起的保护动物不被人类作为占有物来对待的社会运动。这是一种非人类本位出发的社会思潮，其宗旨不仅要为动物争取被更仁慈对待的权利，更主张动物要享有精神上的基本“人”权，比如，和人类一样免受折磨的权利，换句话说，动物应该被当作人同等看待，而不仅仅被当作人类的财产或工具，无论在法律层面或是精神层面。

在一些国家，已经立法保障动物权利。1992年，瑞士法律上确认动物为“生命”（beings），而非“物”（things）；2002年，德国将动物保护的条款写入宪法。由澳洲学者彼得·辛格（Peter Singer）创建，基地位于美国西雅图的“泛类人猿计划”，目前正在争取美国政府采纳其所提出的《泛人猿宣言》，这份宣言呼吁赋予一个由大猩猩、猩猩以及两个亚种的黑猩猩组成的“平等群落”以三项基本权利：生存权、个体自由权和免受折磨权。

Animal rights is the idea that some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings. Advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone—an idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other. They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden.