同工酶（Isozyme／Isoenzyme）是指性质不同（Vmax和／或Km不同）但催化反应相同的酶，又称为同功异构酶。它们可以以不同的量出现在一种生物的不同组织或器官中，也可以出现在任何真核生物细胞不同的细胞器。其差异可以是在蛋白质的一级结构上，也可以是在四级结构或翻译后加工上。其存在可被细胞用来根据细胞内特定的生理状况而对酶活性进行调节。常见的同工酶有乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶。

Isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as Multiple forms of enzymes) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction. These enzymes usually display different kinetic parameters (e.g. different K_M values), or different regulatory properties. The existence of isozymes permits the fine-tuning of metabolism to meet the particular needs of a given tissue or developmental stage (for example lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)). In biochemistry, isozymes (or isoenzymes) are isoforms (closely related variants) of enzymes. In many cases, they are coded for by homologous genes that have diverged over time. Although, strictly speaking, allozymes represent enzymes from different alleles of the same gene, and isozymes represent enzymes from different genes that process or catalyse the same reaction, the two words are usually used interchangeably.