刺尾鱼亚目为辐鳍鱼纲鲈形目的一个亚目。

刺尾鱼亚目下分6科：

• 白鲳科(Ephippidae)
• 金钱鱼科(Scatophagidae)
• 蓝子鱼科(Siganidae)
• 鲯鲭科(Luvaridae)
• 角蝶鱼科(Zanclidae)
• 刺尾鱼科(Acanthuridae)

Acanthuroidei /əˌkænθəˈrɔɪdiːaɪ/ is a suborder of the Perciformes, the largest order of fish. The suborder includes the surgeonfish and Moorish idol. Members of this suborder have a compressed body covered with small ctenoid scales. The name for the suborder comes from that of the surgeonfish (Acanthuridae family within it, and is derived from the Greek words akantha and oura, which loosely translate to "thorn" and "tail", respectively, referring to the "scalpels" found on surgeonfishes' caudal peduncle.