This rat trap represents an ion channel.

这个“捕鼠夹”代表了一个离子通道。

Glutamate binds to NMDA receptors which tell the cell to open up calcium ions channels.

谷氨酸与NMDA受体结合，使细胞钙离子通道打开。

GABA binds to GABA receptors, which tell the cell to open up chloride ion channels.

GABA与GABA受体结合，使细胞氯离子通道打开。

Inhibitory neurotransmitters like GABA can close the ion channels and dampen down electrical signals.

抑制性神经递质（如GABA）可以关闭离子通道并抑制电信号。

And this filament has at its base a couple of ion channels, which are proteins that span the membrane.

这条细丝的根部有若干个离子通道，就是一种跨越细胞膜的蛋白。

He identified 72 proteins, expressed in a mechanically sensitive cell line, that looked like potential touch-sensitive ion channels.

他鉴定了72种蛋白质在机械敏感的细胞系中表达，看起来像潜在的接触敏感离子通道。

And that happens once a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor. Because, that's what causes the ion channels to open.

一旦神经递质与受体结合，就会发生这种情况。因为，这就是离子通道打开的原因。

Scientists think it might retain some of it's lidocaine-like ability and block ion channels to create its super bitter taste.

科学家们认为它或许保留有一些和利多卡因类似的能力，并阻止离子通道产生超级苦涩的味道。

But there are others which can close the ion channels and prevent an electrical message from going through, and these are called inhibitory neurotransmitters.

但还有一些可以关闭离子通道，来阻碍电信号的传递，这种神经递质叫抑制性神经递质。

Excitatory neurotransmitters, like glutamate, bind to the receptors on neurons and tell them to open up ion channels and relay an electrical signal.

兴奋性神经递质（如谷氨酸）与神经元上的受体结合，告诉它们打开离子通道并传递电信号。

And they're both true for a lot of the proteins we talk about, whether they're enzymes or ion channels or receptors or muscle proteins.

对于我们谈论的许多蛋白质都是如此，无论是酶、离子通道、受体还是肌肉蛋白质。

The body has lots of these ion channels that open and close to pass messages to our cells.

霍尔：身体有很多这样的离子通道，它们可以打开和关闭以将信息传递给我们的细胞。

To accomplish this, cells use a complex series of multiple ion channels, exchangers, and pumps to exchange hydrogen ions for potassium ions across the cell membrane.

为完成这一步骤，细胞利用了一种特殊的离子转运体，在细胞膜两侧进行氢离子和钾离子的交换。

Patapoutian:  Once you have these proteins and ion channels, then lots of things are available to scientists to study them.

Patapoutian：一旦有了这些蛋白质和离子通道，科学家就可以研究很多东西。

Some neurotransmitters bind to the receptors and tell the cell to open up the ion channels and relay an electrical message, and these are called excitatory neurotransmitters.

有些神经递质可与受体结合，使细胞打开离子通道，以此来传递电信号，这种神经递质叫兴奋性神经递质。

Blocking sodium ion channels is not a new idea but the similarities between the various channels has made the strategy impractical.

阻断钠离子通道并不是一个新想法，但各种通道之间的相似性使得该策略不切实际。

Such sensitisation can arise when sustained pain signals permanently change a nerve's ion channels, making even mild sensations indistinguishable from painful ones.

当持续的疼痛信号永久性地改变神经的离子通道时， 就会出现这种敏化，甚至使轻微的感觉与疼痛的感觉难以区分。

That process started by depolarizing the cell — that is, pushing the cell's membrane potential from negative toward positive, past a threshold that triggered voltage-gated ion channels to open.

这个过程是从细胞去极化开始的——也就是说，将细胞膜电位从负极推高到正极，超过了触发电压门控离子通道打开的阈值。

The atomic force microscope made it possible for scientists to watch ion channels open and close, test out devices that are too small to see—the list goes on and on.

原子力显微镜创造了可能，让科学家们得以观察离子通道打开和关闭，以及检验体积小到无法看到的设备——它对科技的启发推动仍在继续。

The exact mechanism here, though, is unclear, but it might be due to an ion channel dysfunction that leads to an unexpected change in the membrane potential during or right after repolarization.

尽管这里确切的机制还不清楚，但它可能是由于一个离子通道的功能障碍导致了复极化期间或之后细胞膜电位发生意料之外的变化。