叙任权斗争（Investiture Controversy）或叙任权争夺（Investiture Contest）是中世纪欧洲最著名的重大冲突事件，矛盾的双方是教会和世俗君主。在11和12世纪之际，数位教宗挑战和指责西欧君主所握有对圣职的任命和授予权。虽然在此期间，最著名的事件是发生在1075年亨利四世与教宗格里高利七世之间争夺任命教会圣职（叙任，investiture）而发生的斗争，但是短暂而重要的斗争却是英格兰国王亨利一世与教宗帕斯卡尔二世在1103年至1107年之间发生的教俗之争，最终以伦敦条约结束双方的争执。同一时期的法兰西国王也与教宗也因圣职任命和授予发生冲突，教宗与英格兰和法兰西国王的教俗冲突在整个主教叙任权事件中属于次要事件。上述所有教俗冲突在1122年的沃尔姆斯宗教协定中全都得到解决。

The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe.

In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of popes challenged the authority of European monarchies. At issue was who, the pope or monarchs, had the authority to appoint (invest) local church officials such as bishops of cities and abbots of monasteries. The conflict ended in 1122, when Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II agreed on the Concordat of Worms. It differentiated between the royal and spiritual powers and gave the emperors a limited role in selecting bishops. The outcome seemed mostly a victory for the Pope and his claim that he was God's chief representative in the world. However, the Emperor did retain considerable power over the Church.