昆虫在分类学上属于昆虫纲（学名Insecta），是世界上最繁盛的动物，已发现超过100万种。其中单鞘翅目（Coleoptera）中所含的种数就比其它所有动物界中的种数还多。昆字原作䖵。

昆虫的构造有异于脊椎动物，它们的身体并没有内骨骼的支持，外裹一层由几丁质（英文 chitin）构成的壳。这层壳会分节以利于运动，犹如骑士的甲胄。昆虫的身体会分为头、胸、腹三节，有六只腿，复眼及一对触角。昆虫有脂肪体，成分类似脊椎动物的脂肪组织，但作用不同，主要为代谢功能，类似脊椎动物的肝。

昆虫扮演着很非常重要的角色。虫媒花需要得到昆虫的帮助，才能传播花粉。而蜜蜂采集的蜂蜜，也是人们喜欢的食品之一。在东南亚和南美的一些地方，昆虫本身就是当地人的食品。

Insects (from Latin insectum, a calque of Greek ἔντομον [éntomon], "cut into sections") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms. The number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million, and potentially represent over 90% of the differing animal life forms on Earth. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, a habitat dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans.