Your hypothesis is that they change when the independent variable changes.

您的假设是当自变量发生变化时它们会发生变化。

The factors, which we have taken as given, influence our independent variables, but do not completely determine them.

我们视为给定的因素会影响我们的自变量，但不能完全决定它们。

But you can also have variables that you believe are affected by changes in your independent variable; these are your dependent variables.

但是您也可以拥有您认为受自变量变化影响的变量；这些是你的因变量。

And let's define it as the sum of 3 of these independent variables, each of them that have a standard normal distribution.

让我们将其定义为 3 个自变量的总和，每个变量都服从标准正态分布。

So we just showed you is that the variance of the difference of two independent random variables is equal to the sum of the variances.

所以我们刚刚向您展示了两个独立随机变量之差的方差等于方差之和。

So we have one independent variable – receiving the voucher or not – and a bunch of possible dependent variables, like earnings, education, and health outcomes.

所以我们有一个自变量——是否收到代金券——以及一堆可能的因变量，比如收入、教育和健康结果。

In this case, geographic location is what we call the independent variable; it’s the variable that we think is affecting the change in how people describe themselves.

在这种情况下，地理位置就是我们所说的自变量；我们认为这是影响人们自我描述方式变化的变量。

The division of the determinants of the economic system into the two groups of given factors and independent variables is, of course, quite arbitrary from any absolute standpoint.

将经济系统的决定因素分为给定因素和自变量两组，当然，从任何绝对的角度来看都是相当武断的。

Thus the traditional analysis is faulty because it has failed to isolate correctly the independent variables of the system. Saving and investment are the determinates of the system, not the determinants.

因此，传统分析是错误的，因为它未能正确隔离系统的自变量。储蓄和投资是系统的决定因素，而不是决定因素。

To begin with, it may be useful to make clear which elements in the economic system we usually take as given, which are the independent variables of our system and which are the dependent variables.

首先，弄清楚我们通常认为经济系统中的哪些要素是给定的，哪些是我们系统的自变量，哪些是因变量可能是有用的。