内燃机（英语：Internal combustion engine，缩写为ICE）是热机的一种，能将燃料的化学能转化机械能。一般的实现方式为，燃料与空气混合燃烧，产生热能，气体受热膨胀，通过机械装置转化为机械能对外做功。内燃机有非常广泛的应用，汽车、船舶、飞机、火箭等的发动机基本都是内燃机，其最常见的例子即为车用汽油机与柴油机。

内燃机的燃烧气体同时也是工作介质，比如汽油机中，汽油燃烧后的气体直接推动活塞做功。与此相对，燃料不作为工作介质的热机则称为外燃机，比如蒸汽机的工作介质（蒸气）并不是燃料。

An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine. The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, rotor or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical energy. The first commercially successful internal combustion engine was created by Étienne Lenoir around 1859 and the first modern internal combustion engine was created in 1864 by Siegfried Marcus.