氢脆（英语：hydrogen embrittlement）是指金属材料在冶炼、加工、热处理、酸洗和电镀等过程中，或在含氢介质中长期使用时，材料由于吸氢或氢渗而造成机械性能严重退化，发生脆断的现象．

人们不仅在普通的钢材中发现氢脆现象，在不锈钢、铝合金、钛合金、镍基合金和锆合金中也都有此现象．

从机械性能上看，氢脆有以下表现：氢对金属材料的屈服强度和极限强度影响不大，但使延伸率是断面收缩率严重下降，疲劳寿命明显缩短，冲击韧性值显着降低。在低于断裂强度拉伸应力的持续作用下，材料经过一段时期后会突然脆断。

Hydrogen embrittlement is the process by which metals such as steel become brittle and fracture due to the introduction and subsequent diffusion of hydrogen into the metal. This is often a result of accidental introduction of hydrogen during forming and finishing operations. This phenomenon was first described in 1875.