依巴谷卫星（High Precision Parallax Collecting Satellite，缩写为Hipparcos），全称为“依巴谷高精视差测量卫星”，是欧洲太空总署发射的一颗天体测量卫星，用以测量恒星视差和自行，以古希腊天文学家喜帕恰斯的名字命名。

依巴谷卫星于****年8月8日由亚利安4号火箭运载升空。它本应于地球同步轨道上运作，但因助推火箭失效，卫星只到达近地点507千米、远地点35,888千米的狭长椭圆轨道。尽管如此，它仍能完成85%的原任务目标。与该卫星的通信于1993年8月15日中止。

Hipparcos was a scientific satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA), launched in **** and operated until 1993. It was the first space experiment devoted to precision astrometry, the accurate measurement of the positions of celestial objects on the sky. This permitted the accurate determination of proper motions and parallaxes of stars, allowing a determination of their distance and tangential velocity. When combined with radial velocity measurements from spectroscopy, this pinpointed all six quantities needed to determine the motion of stars. The resulting Hipparcos Catalogue, a high-precision catalogue of more than 118,200 stars, was published in 1997. The lower-precision Tycho Catalogue of more than a million stars was published at the same time, while the enhanced Tycho-2 Catalogue of 2.5 million stars was published in 2000. Hipparcos' follow-up mission, Gaia, was launched in 2013.