在标准模型里，希格斯机制（英语：Higgs mechanism）是一种生成质量的机制，能够使基本粒子获得质量。为什么费米子、W玻色子、Z玻色子具有质量，而光子、胶子的质量为零？希格斯机制可以解释这问题。希格斯机制应用自发对称性破缺来赋予规范玻色子质量。在所有可以赋予规范玻色子质量，而同时又遵守规范理论的可能机制中，这是最简单的机制。根据希格斯机制，希格斯场遍布于宇宙，有些基本粒子因为与希格斯场之间交互作用而获得质量。

更仔细地解释，在规范场论里，为了满足定域规范不变性，必须设置规范玻色子的质量为零。由于希格斯场的真空期望值不等于零，造成自发对称性破缺，因此规范玻色子会获得质量，同时生成一种零质量玻色子，称为戈德斯通玻色子，而希格斯玻色子则是伴随着希格斯场的粒子，是希格斯场的振动。通过选择适当的规范，戈德斯通玻色子会被抵销，只存留带质量希格斯玻色子与带质量规范矢量场。

In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the generation mechanism of the property "mass" for gauge bosons. Without the Higgs mechanism, or some other effect like it, all bosons (a type of fundamental particle) would be massless, but measurements show that the W, W, and Z bosons actually have relatively large masses of around 80 GeV/c. The Higgs field resolves this conundrum. The simplest description of the mechanism adds a quantum field (the Higgs field) that permeates all space, to the Standard Model. Below some extremely high temperature, the field causes spontaneous symmetry breaking during interactions. The breaking of symmetry triggers the Higgs mechanism, causing the bosons it interacts with to have mass. In the Standard Model, the phrase "Higgs mechanism" refers specifically to the generation of masses for the W, and Z weak gauge bosons through electroweak symmetry breaking. The Large Hadron Collider at CERN announced results consistent with the Higgs particle on March 14, 2013, making it extremely likely that the field, or one like it, exists, and explaining how the Higgs mechanism takes place in nature.