How would you determine the ground state of a quantum system with no exact solution?

在没有精确解的情况下你如何确定量子系统的基态？

But as some of the excited electrons fall back to their ground states, they emit energy as light.

不过当一部分的激发电子回到它们的基态的时候，它们会释放出能量，即光。

There are a continuum of energy levels all the way down to the ground state.

从始至终，能量水平都是连续的，直到基态。

Instead, the excited nucleus just decays into a ground state nucleus and a gamma ray.

反而，从高能粒子衰变成低能粒子与gamma射线。

That is plenty of time for them to relax into their ground state, the most energetically stable condition they can be in.

这一时间足以让反氢原子弛豫，回到基态，即它们可能达到的能量最稳定状态。

Now when all those electrons drop down to the ground state, that atom is going to release some gamma radiation.

现在，当所有这些电子下降到基态时，该原子将释放一些伽马辐射。

As the muon drops down to this different ground state, an x-ray is emitted—alerting Krauth's team that the transition has occurred.

当 μ 子下降到这种不同的基态时，会发出 X 射线——提醒 Krauth 的团队过渡已经发生。

Bombard an ordinary hydrogen atom with microwaves of the right frequency and you will lift it out of its ground state by flipping the spin of its electron.

以特定频率的微波轰击普通氢原子可以反转其中电子的自旋，使其跃迁离开基态。

In quantum mechanics, one of the most important properties of a many-body system is the difference in energy between its ground state and its first excited state.

在量子力学中，多体系统最重要的性质之一是其基态与第一激发态之间的能量差。

So the muon starts in a semi-stable place—the food-messy desk—moves up to an unstable state—the clean desk—and then cascades down to a different stable ground state—the paper-messy desk.

因此，介子从一个半稳定的地方开始——食物凌乱的桌子——上升到一个不稳定的状态——干净的桌子——然后向下级联到另一个稳定的基态- 乱七八糟的桌子。