温室效应（英语：Green House Effect）是指大气层透过捕捉辐射使不同的气温相对稳定的效应。不少研究指出，人为因素使地球上的温室效应异常加剧，而造成全球暖化的效应。

太阳辐射主要是短波辐射，而地面辐射和大气辐射则是长波辐射。大气对长波辐射的吸收力较强，对短波辐射的吸收力较弱。

大气层如同覆盖玻璃的温室一样，保存了一定的热量，使得地球不至于像没有大气层的月球一样，被太阳照射时温度急剧升高，不受太阳照射时温度急剧下降。一些理论认为，由于温室气体的增加，使地球整体所保留的热能增加，导致全球暖化。

The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without its atmosphere.

If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases (i.e., greenhouse gases) the atmosphere will radiate energy in all directions. Part of this radiation is directed towards the surface, warming it. The downward component of this radiation – that is, the strength of the greenhouse effect – will depend on the atmosphere's temperature and on the amount of greenhouse gases that the atmosphere contains.