基因表现（英语：Gene expression）是用基因中的信息来合成基因产物的过程。产物通常是蛋白质，但对于非蛋白质编码基因，如转运RNA（tRNA）和小核RNA（snRNA），产物则是RNA。所有已知生物都通过基因表达来生成生命所需的高分子物质。

基因表达的过程可分为转录、RNA剪接、翻译、蛋白质的翻译后修饰这几步。基因表达调控控制细胞的结构与功能，同时也是细胞分化、形态发生及生物体适应性的基础。不同的时间、不同的环境，以及不同部位的细胞，或是基因在细胞中的含量差异，皆可能使基因产生不同的表现。

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA. The process of gene expression is used by all known life—eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses—to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.