《彼得前书》（希腊语：ΠΕΤΡΟΥ Α΄）是《新约圣经》中的第21卷书，是耶稣十二使徒中的彼得（原名西门）写给当时在小亚细亚几个教会的信。时间大约是公元60年。

本书的作者彼得，原名西门，本为渔夫，后来蒙主呼召作得人的渔夫，并获赐新名，希伯来文为「矶法」翻为希腊文即“Κηφας” (Kêphas - 彼得)，就是「磐石」的意思。在十二使徒中，彼得是最接近主的三个使徒之一。当耶稣被捕受审时，彼得曾三次不认主，但在耶稣复活升天圣灵降临之后，彼得成为教会的领袖，「受割礼之人的使徒」。据教会传说，使徒彼得在尼禄皇帝逼害教会时，与保罗同于罗马殉道，但圣经并没有明确地提到这一点。据彼得自己表示，这封信是在巴比伦写成的。

The First Epistle of Peter, usually referred to simply as First Peter and often written 1 Peter, is a book of the New Testament. The author presents himself as Peter the Apostle, and the epistle was traditionally held to have been written during his time as bishop of Rome or Bishop of Antioch, though neither title is used in the epistle. The letter is addressed to various churches in Asia Minor suffering religious persecution.