真核生物是其细胞具有细胞核的单细胞生物和多细胞生物的总称，它包括所有动物、植物、真菌和其他具有由膜包裹着的复杂亚细胞结构的生物。

真核生物与原核生物的根本性区别是前者的细胞内含有细胞核，因此以真核来命名这一类细胞。许多真核细胞中还含有其它细胞器，如粒线体、叶绿体、高尔基体等。

由于具有细胞核，因此真核细胞的细胞分裂过程与没有细胞核的原核生物也大不相同。

真核生物在进化上是单源性的，都属于三域系统中的真核生物域，另外两个域为同属于原核生物的细菌和古菌。但由于真核生物与古菌在一些生化性质和基因相关性上具有一定相似性，因此有时也将这两者共同归于Neomura演化支。

A eukaryote (/juːˈkæri.oʊt/ or /juːˈkæriət/ yoo-KARR-ee-oht or yoo-KARR-ee-ət) is any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.

Eukaryotes belong to the taxon Eukarya or Eukaryota. The defining feature that sets eukaryotic cells apart from prokaryotic cells (Bacteria and Archaea) is that they have membrane-bound organelles, especially the nucleus, which contains the genetic material, and is enclosed by the nuclear envelope. The presence of a nucleus gives eukaryotes their name, which comes from the Greek εὖ (eu, "well") and κάρυον (karyon, "nut" or "kernel"). Eukaryotic cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. In addition, plants and algae contain chloroplasts. Eukaryotic organisms may be unicellular, or multicellular. Only eukaryotes have many kinds of tissue made up of different cell types.