民族志（英文：Ethnography；希腊文 ἔθνος [ethnos，民族、人群] 加上 γράφειν [graphein，书写]）是一种写作文本，它运用田野工作来提供对人类社会的描述研究。民族志呈现一个整体论研究方法的成果，这套方法创建在一个概念上：一套体系的各种特质未必能被彼此个别地准确理解。这种写作风格在形式上与历史上，均与旅行家书写与殖民地官员报告有所关联。某些学术传统，特别是建构论与相对论的理论典范，运用民族志研究做为一个重要的研究方法。许多文化人类学家认为，民族志是文化人类学的本质。

Ethnography (from Greek ἔθνος ethnos "folk, people, nation" and γράφω grapho "I write") is the systematic study of people and cultures. It is designed to explore cultural phenomena where the researcher observes society from the point of view of the subject of the study. An ethnography is a means to represent graphically and in writing the culture of a group. The word can thus be said to have a "double meaning," which partly depends on whether it is used as a count noun or uncountably. The resulting field study or a case report reflects the knowledge and the system of meanings in the lives of a cultural group.