Bovine leukemia virus

Conjunctival prolapse is a sign of bovine leukosis

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus closely related to the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 HTLV-I. The natural host of BLV is cattle. BLV integrates into the genomic DNA of B-lymphocytes as a DNA intermediate (the provirus). Besides structural and enzymatic genes required for virion production, BLV contains an oncogene coding for a protein called Tax and expresses microRNAs of unknown function. In its natural host (the cattle) leukemia is rare (about 5% of infected animals) but lymphoproliferation is rather frequent (30%). Because the oncogenic properties of the virus were discovered early, a search for evidence of pathogenicity in humans started soon after discovery. Mostly farm workers drinking raw milk were tested for disease, especially for leukemia. It was discovered in 2003 that some humans carry antibodies reactive to BLV. In 2014, researchers discovered the presence of BLV positive cells in the human breast tissue. Most notably, a case-controlled study was published in 2015 which suggests a possible association between breast cancer, and BLV.

单词	Enzootic Bovine Leucosis
释义	Enzootic Bovine Leucosis 英语百科 Bovine leukemia virus Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus closely related to the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 HTLV-I. The natural host of BLV is cattle. BLV integrates into the genomic DNA of B-lymphocytes as a DNA intermediate (the provirus). Besides structural and enzymatic genes required for virion production, BLV contains an oncogene coding for a protein called Tax and expresses microRNAs of unknown function. In its natural host (the cattle) leukemia is rare (about 5% of infected animals) but lymphoproliferation is rather frequent (30%). Because the oncogenic properties of the virus were discovered early, a search for evidence of pathogenicity in humans started soon after discovery. Mostly farm workers drinking raw milk were tested for disease, especially for leukemia. It was discovered in 2003 that some humans carry antibodies reactive to BLV. In 2014, researchers discovered the presence of BLV positive cells in the human breast tissue. Most notably, a case-controlled study was published in 2015 which suggests a possible association between breast cancer, and BLV.
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Enzootic Bovine Leucosis

Bovine leukemia virus