后匮乏（Post-scarcity）是一种迄今为止还未实现的社会。在这种社会里，商品、服务、信息都可以被人们无偿占有，货币也将不复存在。人们之所以能这幺做，是由于在后匮乏社会里，物质、能量、信息都大量的存在，并且存在自动系统，使人们不需要付出任何劳动即可获取日常用品和其它产品。这些自动系统使得产品的生产有如软件复制般简单方便。

可以这幺认为：即人类现在已处在一个有足够多的能量、物质、信息的世界，能够使地球上的每一个人都过上舒适的生活。但是就算未来产生一种社会能使全球的资源被均匀的分配到每一个人的手中，这种社会还不能被称为「后匮乏」社会。这是因为在一个真正的「后匮乏」社会里，人们是可以不用劳动就可获取日常用品和其它产品的。当然，对于某些专业人群而言属于「自愿型」或是「享受型」的劳动（比如文学家创作一部新的小说或是软件工程师撰写最新的开源软件 open source software）仍将大量存在于「后匮乏」社会中。

Post-scarcity is a theoretical economy in which most goods can be produced in great abundance with minimal human labor needed, so that they become available to all very cheaply or even freely. Post-scarcity is not generally taken to mean that scarcity has been eliminated for all consumer goods and services, instead it is often taken to mean that all people can easily have their basic survival needs met along with some significant proportion of their desires for goods and services, with writers on the topic often emphasizing that certain commodities are likely to remain scarce in a post-scarcity society.