With this instrument, they could eyeball smaller, dwarf galaxies.

有了这个设备，研究者们便可以仔细观察较小的矮星系。

Astronomers think it's a failed dwarf galaxy that lacked the requisite mass to produce stars.

天文学家们认为它是缺乏必要存在物而不能产生新星的已经衰败的矮星星系。

With just 1,000 stars, the dwarf galaxy Segue 2 becomes the smallest one known.

矮星系 Segue 2 只拥有1000颗恒星，成为已知的最小的星系。

Dwarf galaxies like this one are thought to contain more dark matter than regular matter.

像这样的矮星系含有的暗物质比普通物质要多。

That distance puts them well beyond the main body of the Milky Way and right where an orbiting dwarf galaxy might lie.

这样的距离使它们远于银河系主体，正好位于一个矮星系轨道的所在。

But when they looked more closely at the simulation's tiny dwarf galaxies, a surprise popped out: seven of them lacked dark matter.

但当他们更细致观察小矮星系模拟时，令人惊讶的事情突然出现了：有7个矮星系没有暗物质。

By that logic, the black holes in dwarf galaxies should be runts — or nonexistent.

按照这种逻辑，矮星系中的黑洞应该很小——或者根本不存在。

These two dwarf galaxies are the Magellanic clouds which, together with at least 80 others, make up what's known as the local group of galaxies.

这两个矮星系是麦哲伦星云，它与至少 80 个其他星系一起，构成了所谓的本星系群。

And is surrounded by 150 globular clusters and a halo of dark matter and dwarf galaxies, some of which it's eating, all of which can be seen by other galaxies in our Local Group like Andromeda and Triangulum.

有150个球状星团、一个暗物质晕和一些矮星系正绕着这个黑洞转，而这些矮星系中的一部分正在被黑洞吞噬，这都可以在我们的本星系群中被观察到，比如仙女座和三角座星系。

If models like Bellovary's were right, the observed dwarf galaxies with big black holes most likely formed that way in the early universe. Since then, they've been relatively untouched by mergers.

如果像贝洛瓦里这样的模型是正确的，那么观测到的带有大黑洞的矮星系很可能是在早期宇宙中形成的。从那时起，他们就相对没有受到合并的影响。

" I hadn't seen this before, " recalls Reines, who now works at Montana State University in Bozeman. Like other scientists, she had assumed dwarf galaxies weren't big enough to have big black holes.

“我以前从未见过这个，”现在在博兹曼蒙大拿州立大学工作的雷因斯回忆道。和其他科学家一样，她认为矮星系不足以产生大黑洞。

Bellovary reran her models. She zoomed in on the littlest galaxies. When she did,  half of the massive black holes in dwarf galaxies would be off-center. She and her colleagues shared this finding in 2019.

贝洛瓦里重新运行了她的模型。她放大了最小的星系。当她这样做时，矮星系中一半的大质量黑洞将偏离中心。她和她的同事在 2019 年分享了这一发现。