亚历山大图书馆，又称古亚历山大图书馆，位于埃及亚历山卓，曾是世界上最大的图书馆。由埃及托勒密王朝的国王托勒密一世在西元前3世纪所建造，后来惨遭火灾，因而被摧毁。2000多年前它到底是什么模样无人知晓，因为它连一个石块实物也没有留下，今人只能从历史文献的零星记载中了解，而大量考古发掘似乎也无确凿线索。而在2002年于原址附近重新创建的新亚历山大图书馆则是地中海沿岸主要的图书馆及文化中心之一。它同时代表着对亚历山大图书馆的纪念及振兴学术文化的尝试。

The Royal Library of Alexandria or Ancient Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world. It was dedicated to the Muses, the nine goddesses of the arts. It flourished under the patronage of the Ptolemaic dynasty and functioned as a major center of scholarship from its construction in the 3rd century BCE until the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BCE, with collections of works, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and gardens. The library was part of a larger research institution called the Musaeum of Alexandria, where many of the most famous thinkers of the ancient world studied.