Now, that calcium's still in the lumen, but parathyroid hormone also affects the distal convoluted tubule and increases calcium reabsorption.

这时，钙仍然在腔内，但甲状旁腺激素也会影响远曲小管，增加对钙的再吸收。

Macula densa cells are located in the distal convoluted tubule and they can sense when levels of sodium and chloride are low.

致密斑位于远曲小管，可以感受到钠和氯水平降低。

Now, that calcium's still in the lumen, though, but parathyroid hormone also affects the distal convoluted tubule and increases calcium reabsorption.

现在，钙仍然在腔内，但是甲状旁腺激素也会影响远曲小管增加钙的再吸收。

So when ADH is low, most of the water flows through the the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct, giving us diluted urine.

所以当血中ADH水平低时，大部分水就顺着远曲小管和集合管排出体外，尿液也就被稀释。

And at this point the distal tubule and collecting ducts of the nephron can either reabsorb or secrete potassium depending on what the body needs.

这时，远曲小管和肾单位导管会根据需要重吸收或者分泌钾离子。

Some substances are removed from blood through the peritubular capillary network into the distal convoluted tubule or collecting duct.

有些物质通过管周毛细血管网从血液中移出，进入远曲小管或集合管。

Aldosterone is secreted in response to elevated levels of renin, and it's role is to bind to receptors on two types of cells along the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron.

肾素水平升高可刺激醛固酮的分泌，后者的作用是结合肾远曲小管中两种细胞上的受体。

That leaves 13% of the initial amount, and at this point the distal tubule and collecting ducts of the nephron can either reabsorb or secrete potassium depending on what the body needs.

余下原始量的13%，此时肾单位的远曲小管和集合管，依据机体的需要，或重吸收，或分泌出钾。

In these situations, the nephron tries to hold on to salt and water, so by the time filtrate has moved into the distal tubule, there's very little of both sodium and water remaining in the lumen.

在这种情况下，肾单位试图保留盐和水，所以当滤过液移入远曲小管时，只有少量钠和水留在管腔中。

In addition to this, because less sodium is in the distal tubule, less of it moves through the luminal sodium channel into the principal cell and gets pumped over to the other side by the basolateral sodium-potassium pump.

此外，因为远曲小管钠离子减少，通过腔内钠通道进入主细胞然后被钠钾离子泵泵出的的钠离子也会减少。