网站首页  英汉词典

请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 Aldol reactions
释义

Aldol reactions

原声例句
经济学人(汇总)

He showed that the aldol reaction can be catalysed by a single amino acid, proline. And, crucially, this retains the enantiomeric purity of the enzyme-mediated reaction.

他证明了羟醛缩化反应可以被一种氨基酸--脯氨酸催化。最重要的是,这保留了酶介导反应的对映体纯度。

经济学人(汇总)

Dr List worked on an enzyme called aldolase A. This catalyses what is known as the aldol reaction, an important way of forging molecular bonds between carbon atoms.

利斯特博士研究了一种名为醛缩酶A的酶,这种酶催化所谓的醛缩反应,这是一种在碳原子之间形成分子键的重要方式。

中文百科

羟醛反应 Aldol reaction

(重定向自Aldol reactions)
一个典型的羟醛反应实验装置右边反应瓶内是二异丙基氨基锂(LDA)四氢呋喃(THF)溶液。左边反应瓶内是叔丁基丙酸酯的烯醇锂负离子(由二异丙基氨基锂和叔丁基丙酸酯形成)。醛可以被加入到含烯醇离子的反应瓶中引发羟醛加成反应。两个反应瓶都浸没于一个干冰/丙酮冷浴(−78℃)中,热电偶(左边的电线)用于监测反应温度。

羟醛反应英语:aldol reaction)是有机化学及生物化学中构建碳-碳键最重要的反应手段之一。该反应由查尔斯·阿道夫·武兹和亚历山大·波菲里耶维奇·鲍罗丁于1872年分别独立发现,它是指具有α氢原子的醛或酮在一定条件下形成烯醇负离子,再与另一分子羰基化合物发生加成反应,并形成β-羟基羰基化合物的一类有机化学反应。 反应连接了两个羰基底物(最初反应使用醛)合成的β-羟基酮产物,其命名取用了醇羟基的“羟”(ol)字和醛类化合物的“醛”(ald)字,也称作“羟醛”(aldol)化合物。

一个典型的现代羟醛加成反应如上图所示,即酮的烯醇负离子对醛的亲核加成。反应发生后,羟醛产物在一定条件下可以失一分子水形成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物,这时的羟醛反应及脱水过程可称作「羟醛缩合反应」。在羟醛反应中可以参与反应的亲核试剂有:烯醇、烯醇负离子、酮的烯醇醚、醛和其他羰基化合物。与之反应的亲电试剂通常是醛或酮(包括许多反应变种,如曼尼希反应)。若亲核试剂和亲电试剂不同,反应称作「交叉羟醛反应」;若亲核试剂和亲电试剂相同则称作「羟醛二聚化反应」。

英语百科

Aldol reaction 羟醛反应

(重定向自Aldol reactions)
A typical experimental setup for an aldol reaction. The flask on the right is a solution of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The flask on the left is a solution of the lithium enolate of tert-butyl propionate (formed by addition of LDA to tert-butyl propionate). An aldehyde can then be added to the enolate flask to initiate an aldol addition reaction. Both flasks are submerged in a dry ice/acetone cooling bath (−78 °C) the temperature of which is being monitored by a thermocouple (the wire on the left).

The aldol reaction is a means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry. Discovered independently by Charles-Adolphe Wurtz and Alexander Borodin in 1872, the reaction combines two carbonyl compounds (the original experiments used aldehydes) to form a new β-hydroxy carbonyl compound. These products are known as aldols, from the aldehyde + alcohol, a structural motif seen in many of the products. Aldol structural units are found in many important molecules, whether naturally occurring or synthetic. For example, the aldol reaction has been used in the large-scale production of the commodity chemical pentaerythritol and the synthesis of the heart disease drug Lipitor (atorvastatin, calcium salt).

随便看

 

英汉网英语在线翻译词典收录了3779314条英语词汇在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2024 encnc.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/6/22 1:38:58