顶极群落（英语：climax community）或气候顶极群落（英语：climatic climax community）在生态学中是指由植物与动物和真菌组成的生物群落在经过一系列生态演替之后，达到的一个保持相对稳定的最终阶段。之所以能达到稳定，是由于顶极群落中的各物种都能最好地适应所在地区的气候等条件。

单一的气候顶极（climatic climax）的概念最初由美国生态学家弗雷德里克·克莱门茨于1900年代初期首先提出。1899年时美国植物学家亨利·钱德勒·考尔斯就曾撰文提出了群落演替至一个最终状态的思想，不过是克莱门茨最早使用了“顶极”一词来描述这一最终的稳定状态。

In ecology, climax community, or climatic climax community, is a historic term that expressed a biological community of plants, animals, and fungi which, through the process of ecological succession the development of vegetation in an area over time, had reached a steady state. This equilibrium was thought to occur because the climax community is composed of species best adapted to average conditions in that area. The term is sometimes also applied in soil development. Nevertheless, it has been found that a "steady state" is more apparent than real, particularly if long-enough periods of time are taken into consideration. Notwithstanding, it remains a useful concept.